Die package with Openings Surrounding End-portions of Through Package Vias (TPVs) and Package on Package (PoP) Using the Die Package

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments of mechanisms for forming through package vias (TPVs) with openings surrounding end-portions of the TPVs and a package on package (PoP) device with bonding structures utilizing the TPVs are provided. The openings are formed by removing materials, such as by laser drill, surrounding the end-portions of the TPVs. The openings surrounding the end-portions of the TPVs of the die package enable solders of the bonding structures formed between another die package to remain in the openings without sliding and consequently increases yield and reliability of the bonding structures. Polymers may also be added to fill the openings surrounding the TPVs or even the space between the die packages to reduce cracking of the bonding structures under stress.

BACKGROUND

Semiconductor devices are used in a variety of electronic applications,such as personal computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and otherelectronic equipment, as examples. Semiconductor devices are typicallyfabricated by sequentially depositing insulating or dielectric layers,conductive layers, and semiconductive layers of materials over asemiconductor substrate, and patterning the various material layersusing lithography to form circuit components and elements thereon.

The semiconductor industry continues to improve the integration densityof various electronic components (e.g., transistors, diodes, resistors,capacitors, etc.) by continual reductions in minimum feature size, whichallow more components to be integrated into a given area. These smallerelectronic components also require smaller packages that utilize lessarea and/or lower height than packages of the past, in someapplications.

Thus, new packaging technologies, such as package on package (PoP), havebegun to be developed, in which a top package with a device die isbonded to a bottom package with another device die. By adopting the newpackaging technologies, the integration levels of the packages may beincreased. These relatively new types of packaging technologies forsemiconductors face manufacturing challenges.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the embodiments, and the advantagesthereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure, in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 1B show a cross-sectional view of a die package bonded to anotherdie package, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 2A-2O show cross-sectional views of a sequential process flow ofpreparing a package on package (PoP) device, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIGS. 3A-3H show cross-sectional views of various structures surroundingthe exposed top portion of a through package via (TPV), in accordancewith some embodiments; and

FIGS. 4A-4C show cross-sectional views of various bonding structures, inaccordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The making and using of the embodiments of the disclosure are discussedin detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the embodimentsprovide many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in awide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussedare illustrative, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

Since the invention of the integrated circuit, the semiconductorindustry has experienced continual rapid growth due to continuousimprovements in the integration density of various electronic components(i.e., transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc.). For the mostpart, this improvement in integration density has come from repeatedreductions in minimum feature size, allowing for the integration of morecomponents into a given area.

These integration improvements are essentially two-dimensional (2D) innature, in that the volume occupied by the integrated components isessentially on the surface of the semiconductor wafer. Although dramaticimprovements in lithography have resulted in considerable improvementsin 2D integrated circuit formation, there are physical limits to thedensity that can be achieved in two dimensions. One of these limits isthe minimum size needed to make these components. Also, when moredevices are put into one chip, more complex designs are required.

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) have been thereforecreated to resolve the above-discussed limitations. In some formationprocesses of 3D ICs, two or more wafers, each including an integratedcircuit, are formed. The wafers are sawed to form dies. Dies with thesame or different devices are packaged and are then bonded with thedevices aligned. Through-package-vias (TPVs), also referred to asthrough-molding-vias (TMVs), are increasingly used as a way ofimplementing 3D ICs. Through vias (TVs), such as TPVs, are often used in3D ICs and stacked dies to provide electrical connections and/or toassist in heat dissipation. In addition to TPVs and TMVs, TVs alsoinclude through silicon vias (TSVs) and other applicable structures.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure 100 including apackage 110 bonded to another package 120, which is further bonded toanother substrate 130 in accordance with some embodiments. Each of diepackages 110 and 120 includes at least a semiconductor die (not shown).The semiconductor die includes a semiconductor substrate as employed ina semiconductor integrated circuit fabrication, and integrated circuitsmay be formed therein and/or thereupon. The semiconductor substraterefers to any construction comprising semiconductor materials,including, but not limited to, bulk silicon, a semiconductor wafer, asilicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, or a silicon germanium substrate.Other semiconductor materials including group III, group IV, and group Velements may also be used. The semiconductor substrate may furthercomprise a plurality of isolation features (not shown), such as shallowtrench isolation (STI) features or local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS)features. The isolation features may define and isolate the variousmicroelectronic elements. Examples of the various microelectronicelements that may be formed in the semiconductor substrate includetransistors (e.g., metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFET), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors,bipolar junction transistors (BJT), high voltage transistors, highfrequency transistors, p-channel and/or n-channel field effecttransistors (PFETs/NFETs), etc.); resistors; diodes; capacitors;inductors; fuses; and other suitable elements. Various processes areperformed to form the various microelectronic elements includingdeposition, etching, implantation, photolithography, annealing, and/orother suitable processes. The microelectronic elements areinterconnected to form the integrated circuit device, such as a logicdevice, memory device (e.g., SRAM), RF device, input/output (I/O)device, system-on-chip (SoC) device, combinations thereof, and othersuitable types of devices. Package 120 includes through-package-vias(TPVs) and function as an interposer, in accordance with someembodiments.

Substrate 130 may be made of bismaleimide triazine (BT) resin, FR-4 (acomposite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxyresin binder that is flame resistant), ceramic, glass, plastic, tape,film, or other supporting materials that may carry the conductive padsor lands needed to receive conductive terminals. In some embodiments,substrate 130 is a multiple-layer circuit board. Package 110 is bondedto package 120 via connectors 115, and package 120 is bonded tosubstrate 130 via external connectors 145. In some embodiments, theexternal connectors 145 are bonded bump structures, such as bondedsolder bumps, or bonded copper posts with a joining solder layer. Solderdescribed here may include lead or may be lead-free.

FIG. 1B show a cross-sectional view of a die package 110 over a diepackage 120, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1B,package 110 includes a two semiconductor dies 112 and 113, with die 113disposed over die 112. However, package 110 could include onesemiconductor die or more than two semiconductor dies. In someembodiments, there is a glue layer (not shown) between dies 112 and 113.Semiconductor dies 112 and 113 may include various microelectronicelements, as described above for semiconductor dies. Semiconductor die112 is bonded to a substrate 115. Substrate 115 may include variousmaterials and/or components described above for substrate 100.Semiconductor die 112 is electrically connected to conductive elements(not shown) in substrate 115 via bonding wires 114, in accordance withsome embodiments. Similarly, semiconductor die 113 is electricallyconnected to the conductive elements in substrate 115 via bonding wires116. Package 110 also includes a molding compound 111, which coverssemiconductor dies 112 and 113, and also bonding wires 114 and 116.Package 110 also includes a number of connectors 117 for externalconnections. Connectors 117 are formed on metal pads 118, which areelectrically connected to bonding wires 114 and 116 by interconnectstructures 119, which may include vias and metal lines.

Die package 120 includes a semiconductor die 121 and TPVs 122, whichsurround die 121, as shown in FIG. 1B in accordance with someembodiments. Package 120 also includes a redistribution structure 125,which includes one or more redistribution layers (RDLs) 123.Redistribution layers (RDLs) 123 are metal interconnect layers, whichmay include metal lines and vias, and are surrounded by dielectricmaterial(s). RDL(s) 123 enables fan-out of die 121. External connectors126, such as ball grid array (BGA), are attached to metal pads (notshown) on redistribution structure 125, as shown in FIG. 1B. As shown inFIG. 1B, TPVs 122 are connected to connectors 117 of package 110. Die121 and external connectors 126 are on opposite sides of redistributionstructure 125. Die 121 is connected to redistribution structure 125 viaconnectors 127.

Connectors 117 of die package 110 are made of solders, in someembodiments. In some embodiments, connectors 117 include copper postswith solder at the ends of solder posts. The solder of connectors 117are bonded to exposed copper surface of TPVs 122, which are filled withcopper. However, the exposed copper surface could form copper oxide whenexposed to atmosphere. As a result, a copper oxide layer 141, as shownin TPV 122 _(D) of FIG. 1B, could form on the surface of TPVs 122.Although a flux could be applied on the surface of TPVs 122 to removethe copper oxide layer formed on the surface of TPVs 122, the removalprocess is inconsistent in some embodiments. As a result, copper oxidelayer 141, or at least a portion of copper oxide layer 141, remains onsome TPVs 122, such as TPV 122. Solder of connectors 126 does not bondwell to copper oxide layer 141; therefore, the joint would be weak,which would affect yield and reliability.

Even if flux does remove the copper oxide layer from TPVs, such as TPVs122 _(A), 122 _(B), and 122 _(C), the direct contact between solder ofconnectors 126 and copper of TPVs would result in the formation ofintermetallic compound (IMC), such as Cu:Sn. FIG. 1B shows IMC layer 142formed between solder of connectors 126 and copper of TPVs 122 _(A), 122_(B), and 122 _(C), in accordance with some embodiments. Due to varyingcoefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of different elements onpackage 120, package 120 could bow during and/or after packagingprocess. Such bowing (or warpage) creates stress for the bondingstructures, formed by bonded connectors 126 and TPVs 122, betweenpackage 120 and package 110. The stress could cause cracking near IMClayer 142, formed at the interface between TPVs 122 and connectors 117,of the bonding structures 260 (formed by connectors 117 and TPVs 122) toaffect yield and reliability of the package-on-package (PoP) structure.Consequently, there is a need of mechanisms for forming bondingstructures between die packages without the issues described above.

FIGS. 2A-2O show cross-sectional views of a sequential process flow ofpreparing a package on package (PoP) device, in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 2A shows an adhesive layer (or glue layer) 202, whichis over carrier 201. Carrier 201 is made of glass, in accordance withsome embodiments. However, other materials may also be used for carrier201. Adhesive layer 202 is deposited or laminated over carrier 201, insome embodiments. Adhesive layer 202 may be formed of a glue, or may bea lamination material, such as a foil. In some embodiments, adhesivelayer 202 is photosensitive and is easily detached from carrier 201 byshining ultra-violet (UV) light or laser on carrier 201 after theinvolved packaging process is completed 120. For example, adhesive layer202 may be a light-to-heat-conversion (LTHC) coating made by 3M Companyof St. Paul, Minn. In some other embodiments, the adhesive layer 202 isheat-sensitive.

A passivation layer 208 is formed over adhesive layer 202, in someembodiments. The passivation layer 208 is dielectric and functions as apassivation layer over die package. In some embodiments, passivationlayer 208 is made of polymers, such as polyimide, polybenzoxazole(PBO)), or a solder resist. Passivation layer 208 improves the adhesionof a plating seed layer (described below) formed over carrier 201. Ifthe plating seed layer can adhere well to the adhesive layer 202, theformation of passivation layer 208 can be skipped.

A plating seed layer 204 is then formed on the passivation layer 208, asshown in FIG. 2B in accordance with some embodiments. In someembodiments, the plating seed layer 204 is made of copper and is formedby physical vapor deposition (PVD). However, other conductive film mayalso be used. For example, the plating seed layer 204 may be made of Ti,Ti alloy, Cu, and/or Cu alloy. The Ti alloy and Cu alloy may includesilver, chromium, nickel, tin, gold, tungsten, and combinations thereof.In some embodiments, the thickness of the plating seed layer 204 is in arange from about 0.05 μm to about 1.0 μm. In some embodiments, theplating seed layer 204 includes a diffusion barrier layer, which isformed prior to the deposition of the plating seed layer. The platingseed layer 204 may also act as an adhesion layer to under layer. In someembodiments, the diffusion barrier layer is made of Ti with a thicknessin a range from about 0.01 μm to about 0.1 μm. However, the diffusionbarrier layer may be made of other materials, such as TaN, or otherapplicable materials and the thickness range is not limited to the rangedescribed above. The diffusion barrier layer is formed by PVD in someembodiments.

Following the deposition of the plating seed layer 204, a photoresistlayer 205 is formed over plating seed layer 204, as shown in FIG. 2C inaccordance with some embodiments. The photoresist layer 205 may beformed by a wet process, such as a spin-on process, or by a dry process,such as by a dry film. After the photoresist layer 205 is formed, thephotoresist layer 205 is patterned to formed openings 206, which arefilled to form TPVs described above in FIG. 1B. The processes involvedinclude photolithography and resist development. In some embodiments,the width W of openings 206 is in a range from about 40 μm to about 260μm. In some embodiments, the depth D of openings 206 is in a range fromabout 5 μm to about 300 μm.

Afterwards, a conductive layer 207 is plated over the plating seed layer204 to fill openings 206, as shown in FIG. 2D in accordance with someembodiments. In some embodiments, the conductive layer 207 is made ofcopper, or a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the thickness of layer207, D, is in a range from about 5 μm to about 300 μm.

Following the plating to gap-fill process, the photoresist layer 205 isremoved by an etching process, which may be a dry or a wet process. Insome embodiments, a planarization process is used to remove excessconductive layer 207 formed above surface 203 of photoresist layer 205prior to the removal of the photoresist layer 205. FIG. 2E shows across-sectional view of the structure on carrier 201 after thephotoresist layer 205 is removed and conductive layer 207 in theopenings 206 are exposed as (conductive) columns 122′, in accordancewith some embodiments.

After the photoresist layer 205 is removed and the conductive layer 207is shown as columns 122′, the exposed plating seed layer 204, or theportions of plating seed layer 204 not under conductive layer 207, isremoved. The plating seed layer 204 is removed by etching, such as by awet etch. To remove copper, an aqueous solution with phosphoric acid(H₃PO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) may be used. If the plating seedlayer 204 includes a diffusion barrier layer, such as a Ti layer, anaqueous solution of HF can be used. FIG. 2E shows that the plating seedlayer 204 under conductive layer 207 is kept and the remaining portions(or exposed portions) are removed.

Afterwards, semiconductor die 121 is attached to a surface 209 overcarrier 201 by a glue layer 210, as shown in FIG. 2F in accordance withsome embodiments. Glue layer 210 is made of a die attach film (DAF), inaccordance with some embodiments. DAF may be made of epoxy resin, phenolresin, acrylic rubber, silica filler, or a combination thereof. FIG. 2Fshows that connectors 127 of die 121 are facing away from the surface209, which is over passivation layer 208. A liquid molding compoundmaterial is then applied on the surface of plating seed layer 204 overcarrier 201 to fill the space between conductive columns 122′ and die121 and to cover die 121 and conductive columns 122′. A thermal processis then applied to harden the molding compound material and to transformit into molding compound 123. Conductive columns 122′ become TPVs 122″after the molding compound 123 is formed to surround them, as shown inFIG. 2G in accordance with some embodiments.

Afterwards, a planarization process is applied to remove excess moldingcompound 123 to expose TPVs 122″ and connectors 127 of die 121. In someembodiments, the planarization process is a grinding process. In someother embodiments, the planarization process is a chemical-mechanicalpolishing (CMP) process. The post planarization structure is shown inFIG. 2H in accordance with some embodiments.

Following the planarization process, redistribution structure 125 isformed over surface 211 over structure of FIG. 2H, as shown in FIG. 2Iin accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2I shows that the secondredistribution structure 125 include RDLs 213, which are insulated byone or more passivation layers, such as layer 212 and 214. RDLs 213 mayinclude metal lines and conductive vias. The RDLs 213 are made of aconductive material and directly contacts TPVs 122″ and connectors 127of die 121. In some embodiments, the RDLs 213 are made of aluminum,aluminum alloy, copper, or copper-alloy. However, RDLs 213 may be madeof other types of conductive materials. The passivation layers 212 and214 are made of dielectric material(s) and provide stress relief forbonding stress incurred during bonding external connectors 126 withsubstrate 130. In some embodiments, the passivation layers 212 and 214are made of polymers, such as polyimide, polybenzoxazole (PBO), orbenzocyclobutene (BCB). Passivation 214 is patterned to form openings(not shown) to expose portions of RDLs 123 to form bond pads (notshown). In some embodiments, an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer (notshown) is formed over bond pads. The UBM layer may also line thesidewalls of openings of passivation layer 214. The RDLs 213 may be asingle layer, in some embodiments.

Examples of redistribution structures and bonding structures, andmethods of forming them are described in U.S. application Ser. No.13/427,753, entitled “Bump Structures for Multi-Chip Packaging,” filedon Mar. 22, 2012 (Attorney Docket No. TSMC2011-1339), and U.S.application Ser. No. 13/338,820, entitled “Packaged Semiconductor Deviceand Method of Packaging the Semiconductor Device,” filed on Dec. 28,2011 (Attorney Docket No. TSMC2011-1368). Both above-mentionedapplications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

After the redistribution structure 125 is formed, external connectors126 are mounted on (or bonded to) bond pads (not shown) ofredistribution structure 125, as shown in FIG. 2J in accordance withsome embodiments. The dies on carrier 201 are electrically tested tocheck for the functionality of dies and also for the quality of theformation of the TPVs 122″, the redistribution structure 125 and bondedexternal connectors 126, in accordance with some embodiments. In someembodiments, reliability test is also performed.

After external connectors 126 are mounted on bond pads, the structure inFIG. 2J is flipped and is attached to a tape 219, as shown in FIG. 2K inaccordance with some embodiments. Tape 219 is photosensitive and can beeasily detached from a die package of die 121 by shining ultra-violet(UV) light on tape 219, in accordance with some embodiments. After thestructure of FIG. 2J is attached to tape 219, adhesive layer 202 isremoved. Laser is used to provide heat to remove the adhesive layer 202,in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2L shows the structure of FIG.2K after adhesive layer 202 is removed.

After removing adhesive layer 202, portions of molding compound 123 andpassivation layer 208 surrounding top portions (portions away fromconnectors 126, or end-portions) of TPVs 122″ are removed, as shown inFIG. 2M in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, alaser tool is used to remove (by drilling) materials, such as moldingcompound 123 and passivation layer 208, surrounding the top portions ofTPVs 122″ to expose the top portions. FIGS. 3A-3H show variousembodiments for structures surrounding the exposed top portion of a TPV122, which will be described in more details below.

Following removing portions of molding compound 123 and passivationlayer 208 surrounding top portions of TPVs 122″, the packaging processfor semiconductor dies 121 is completed and semiconductor dies 121 arepackaged as packaged dies 120′. The packaged dies 120′ on tape 219 arethen singulated into individual packaged dies 120′, in accordance withsome embodiments. The singulation is accomplished by die saw. Aftersingulation is completed, tape 219 is removed from the packaged dies.FIG. 2N shows a packaged die 120′ following the removal of tape 219, inaccordance with some embodiments. Region X in FIG. 2N includes a TPV122″. Various embodiments of structures in region X are shown in FIGS.3A-3H and are described below.

The individual packaged dies 120′ are then bonded to other die packagesto form package on package (PoP) structures. A die package 110 is placedover and bonded to die package 120′, as shown in FIG. 2O in accordancewith some embodiments. External connectors 117 of die package 110 arebonded to TPVs 122″ of die package 120′ to form bonding structures 260′.Each TPV 122″ include a main body, which is made of copper, and aplating seed layer 204, which may be made of copper, Ti, or acombination thereof. The bonding of connectors 117 to PTVs 122″ involvesa reflow process, which could cause formation of an IMC layer 142′ nextto the outer (and previously exposed) profile of TPVs 122″. The IMClayer 142″ contains copper, solder, and Ti, if it is included in theplating seed layer 204. In some embodiments, the thickness of IMC layer142′ is in a range from about 0.5 μm to about 10 μm, in someembodiments.

By forming removing materials surrounding the top portions of TPVs 122″to form openings 220 surrounding the top portions of TPVs 122″, the IMClayer 142″ formed on each TPV 122″ is not a two-dimensional (2D) surfacelayer, such as IMC layer 142 of FIG. 1B, which cracks easily at cornersunder stress. Instead, IMC layer 142″ is a three-dimensional (3D) layercovering the surface of portion of a TPV 122″ protruding above moldingcompound 123, as shown in FIG. 2O. Such 3D layer is stronger and is lesslikely to crack under stress. As a result, the bonding structures formedby connectors 117 and TPVs 122″ are stronger than those without openings220, such as the ones described in FIG. 1B. Region Y in FIG. 2O includesa bonding structure 260′ with a connector 117 and a TPV 122″. Variousembodiments of structures in region Y are shown in FIGS. 4A-4C and aredescribed below.

FIG. 3A shows an enlarged view of region X of FIG. 2N, in accordancewith some embodiments. Region X includes TPVs 122″, which are surroundedby molding compound 123. TPVs 122″ are connected to RDLs 213, which areinsulated by passivation layers 212 and 214, as described above. FIG. 3Ashows that TPVs 122″ includes a plating seed layer 204 over conductivelayer 207. The passivation layer 208 and molding compound 123 coveringthe plating seed layer 204 and top portion of conductive layer 207 areremoved, such as by laser drill, to form opening 300. If the platingseed layer 204 and the conductive layer 207 are both made of the sameconductive material, such as copper or copper alloy, the TPV 122″ wouldappear to be made of a single material without an obvious interface.

Opening 300 has a depth D₁ below the surface 301 of 208. In someembodiments, D₁ is in a range from about 2 μm to about 100 μm. Opening300 has a depth D₂ below the surface 302 of plating seed layer 204. Insome embodiments, D₂ is in a range from about 1 μm to about 70 μm. Thelower portion of opening 300 has a width W₁ from a surface 304 ofsidewall of TPV 122″ to a surface 303 of sidewall of molding compound123. In some embodiments, W₁ is in a range from about 2 μm to about 50μm. The top width W₂ of opening 300 is wider than the width W of TPV122″. In some embodiments, W₂ is in a range from about 30 μm to about300 μm.

FIG. 3A shows that the sidewalls of opening 303 are substantiallyvertical and are substantially perpendicular to the bottom surfaces ofopening 300. In addition, the surfaces of sidewalls are continuous andsmooth. Alternatively, the corners at the molding compound 123 ofopening 300′ could be rounded, as shown in FIG. 3B in accordance withsome embodiments. The remaining portions, such as the ranges of D₁, D₂,W₁, and W₂, of opening 300′ are similar to opening 300.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show that the connections, 302 _(A) and 302 _(B), of thesidewalls of passivation layer 208 and the sidewalls of molding compound123 is smooth. The smooth connection, 302 _(A) and 302 _(B), between thesidewalls is achieved by controlling the laser drill process, whoseprocess parameters include drill energy, drill angle, and drill time.The drill process is tuned to remove passivation layer 208 and moldingcompound 123, not plating layer 204 or conductive layer 207. In someembodiment, the drill energy is in a range from 0.1 mJ to about 30 mJ.In some embodiments, the drill angle is in a range from about 0 degree(perpendicular to surface 301) to about 85 degrees to normal of surface301 of passivation layer 208. In some embodiments, the drill time is ina range from about 1 μs to about 150 μs for each opening 300 _(A) or 300_(B).

As described above, FIGS. 3A and 3B show that the connection, 302 _(A)and 302 _(B), of the sidewalls of passivation layer 208 and thesidewalls of molding compound 123 is smooth. Alternatively, theconnection of the between the sidewalls of these two layer may not besmooth. FIG. 3C shows an opening 300 _(C) with the sidewalls 303 ofmolding compound 123 being substantially vertical, in accordance withsome embodiments. However, the sidewalls of passivation layer 208 areslanted with an angle θ from a surface parallel to surface 302 ofpassivation layer 208. In some embodiment, the angle θ is in a rangefrom about 10 degrees to about 85 degrees. As a result, the connection302 _(C) between sidewalls of opening 300 _(C) of passivation layer 208and molding compound 123 is not smooth and has a sharp corner. Thewidest portion of opening 300 _(C) has a width W₃. In some embodiments,W₃ is in a range from about 30 μm to about 300 μm. The remainingportions, such as the ranges of D₁, D₂, W₁ and W₃, of openings 300 _(C)are similar to those in FIG. 3A. The laser drill process can be tuned tocreate the profile shown in FIG. 3C. Other sidewall profiles ofpassivation layer 208 and molding compound 123 are also possible.

FIG. 3D shows an opening 300 _(D) with the sidewalls of passivationlayer 208 and molding compound 123 being slanted at an angle α from asurface parallel to surface 301 of passivation layer 208, in accordancewith some embodiments. In some embodiment, the angle α is in a rangefrom about 10 degrees to about 85 degrees. The remaining portions, suchas the ranges of D₁, D₂ and W₃, of FIG. 3D are similar to FIG. 3C.

FIG. 3E shows an opening 300 _(E) with slanted sidewalls on moldingcompound 123 and substantially vertical sidewalls on passivation layer208, in accordance with some embodiments. There is a ledge on connection302 _(E) between sidewalls of molding compound 123 and sidewalls ofpassivation layer 208. The distance of the ledge W₄ is in a range fromabout 2 μm to about 40 μm. The remaining portions, such as the ranges ofD₁, D₂, W₂, W₃ and angle α, of FIG. 3E are similar to those described inFIGS. 3C and 3D.

FIG. 3F shows an opening 300 _(F) wherein the plating seed layer 04 _(F)is larger than the conductive layer 207, in accordance with someembodiments. The structure in FIG. 3F is similar to the structure inFIG. 3A, expect the plating seed layer 204 _(F) is wider than theconductive layer 207. The different in widths (or the protruding width)W₅ is in a range from about 0.001 μm to about 1 μm. The protrudingportions of plating seed layer 204 _(F) are formed during the removingthe plating seed layer 204 not covered by conductive layer 207, asdescribed in FIG. 2E. The etch time of the removing process can becontrolled to leave small portions of plating seed layer 204 not coveredby conductive layer 207. The remaining portions, such as the ranges ofD₁, D₂, W₁, and W₂, of FIG. 3F are similar to those described in FIG.3A. However, other profiles described in FIGS. 3B-3E may also be appliedin the embodiment of FIG. 3F.

FIG. 3G shows an opening 300 _(G) wherein the plating seed layer 204_(G) is indented from the conductive layer 207, in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 3G is similar to FIG. 3F, except the plating seedlayer 204 _(G) is narrower than the conductive layer 207. The recess W₆is in a range from about 0.001 μm to about 1 μm. The recess may beformed by over-etching (or with longer etching time) during the removalof plating seed layer 204 not covered by conductive layer 207, asdescribed in FIG. 2E. Similarly, other profiles described in FIGS. 3B-3Emay also be applied in the embodiment of FIG. 3G.

FIG. 3H shows an opening 300 _(H) with substantially sidewalls onmolding compound 123 and without the passivation layer 208, inaccordance with some embodiments. The passivation layer 208 is removedin this instance. The passivation layer 208 is removed prior to theformation of opening 300 _(H), in accordance with some embodiments. Theremaining portions, such as the ranges of D₂, W₁, and W₂, of FIG. 3H aresimilar to those described in FIG. 3A. Other profiles described in FIGS.3B (rounded lower corners of opening), 3D (slanted sidewalls), 3F(protruding plating seed layer) and 3G (recessed plating seed layer) mayalso be applied in the embodiment of FIG. 3H.

As mentioned above, region Y in FIG. 2O includes a bonding structure260′ with a connector 117 from an upper die package 110 and a TPV 122″of a lower die package 120′. Various embodiments of structures in regionY are described below. FIG. 4A shows a bonding structure 260′ withconnector 117 bonded to the top portion of TPV 122″ not embedded inmolding compound 123 and passivation layer 208, in accordance with someembodiments. The structure near TPV 122″ prior to bonding is a hybridbetween structures of FIG. 3D and FIG. 3E described above. The opening300′ has slanted sidewalls on both passivation layer 208 and moldingcompound 123. The passivation layer 208 is recessed back from an edge ofthe molding compound 123, as shown in FIG. 4A. After the bonding process(a thermal process), an IMC layer 142′ is formed by the material(s),such as Cu, Ti, or both, in the plating seed layer 204 and soldermaterial of connector 117. Depending on the bonding process, a portionof conductive layer 207 (copper) could be in the IMC layer 142′. The IMClayer 142′ caps around the protruding portion of TPV 122″. The IMC layer142 has a top portion, which is substantially flat, and a side portion,which forms a ring that surrounds the protruding TPV 122″. The IMC layer142′ has a thickness in a range from about 0.2 μm to about 8 μm. Theupper portion of connector 117 may form another IMC layer 143 with thebonding pad 118. The thickness of IMC layer 143 depends on the materialof bonding pad 118. Some conductive materials, such as Ni, Au, Ag, donot form or formed a very thin IMC layer 143 with solder in connector117. Therefore, IMC layer 143 could be non-existent in some embodiments.

Due to the opening 300′ surrounding the protruding portion of TPV 122″,the placement of the connector 117 would be more accurate and theconnector 117 would not slide horizontally to miss part of the TPV 122″.Horizontal sliding of connectors 117 could occur when the connectors 117are placed and bonded to TPVs 122 that are flush with molding compound123, such as those in FIG. 1B. Such sliding could cause connectors 117shorting to neighboring TPVs 122. In addition, the IMC layer 142′ formedis shaped as a cap (a 3D structure), not a surface (a 2D structure). Asa result, the IMC 142′ does not easily become a weakest point of thebonding structure and does not crack as easily as the boding structure260 of FIG. 1B. This observation is supported by studies. The yield andreliability of bonding structure 260′ are better than bonding structure260.

FIG. 4B shows a portion of bonding structure 260′ embedded in a polymerlayer 270, in accordance with some embodiments. As mentioned above, themolding compound 123 surrounding the top portion of TPV 122″ has beenremoved, such as by laser drill. A passivation layer 208 may or may notpresent above molding compound 123. The presence of the passivationlayer 208 is optional. Polymer layer 270 is formed around the lowerportion of bonding structure 260″. Prior to bonding die package 110 todie package 120′, flux could be applied on the surface of die package120′ and covers the exposed surfaces of TPV 122″ and molding compound123. The applied flux presents oxidation of exposed plating seed layer204 and conductive layer 207 from the environment and during bondingprocess. Flux is polymer-containing liquid when it is applied on thesurface of package 120′ and is often removed, such as by a cleaningsolution, after the bonding process is completed. However, flux can beleft on the surface of package 120′ and becomes polymer layer 270, whichyields under stress and can protect the bonding structure 260′ fromcracking. The polymers contained in flux could be epoxy or other typesof polymers. The thickness D_(F) of polymer layer 270 is in a range fromabout 0.5 μm to about 30 μm. Thickness DF can be measured from thesurface molding compound 123, if passivation layer 208 does not exist,or from the surface of passivation layer 208, if passivation layer 208exists. There is a distance D_(S) between a surface 305 of package 110facing package 120′ and a surface 306 of molding compound 123. D_(F) issmaller than D_(S), in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4C shows bonding structure 260′ embedded in an underfill 275, inaccordance with some embodiments. As mentioned above, the moldingcompound 123 surrounding the top portion of TPV 122″ has been removed,such as by laser drill. A passivation layer 208 may or may not presentabove molding compound 123. The presence of the passivation layer 208 isoptional. An underfill 275 is formed to surround bonding structure 260′after connector 117 is bonded to TPV 122″. The underfill 275 containspolymers, such as UF3808 and UF3810 (both are epoxy-based underfillmaterials) As shown in FIG. 4C, underfill 275 fills the space betweendie packages 110 and 120′. Underfill 275, which is made of polymers,yields under stress and protects the bonding structure 260′ fromcracking.

Various embodiments of mechanisms for forming through package vias(TPVs) with openings surrounding end-portions of the TPVs and a packageon package (PoP) device with bonding structures utilizing the TPVs areprovided. The openings are formed by removing materials, such as bylaser drill, surrounding the end-portions of the TPVs. The openingssurrounding the end-portions of the TPVs of the die package enablesolders of the bonding structures formed between another die package toremain in the openings without sliding and consequently increases yieldand reliability of the bonding structures. Polymers may also be added tofill the openings surrounding the TPVs or even the space between the diepackages to reduce cracking of the bonding structures under stress.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor device is provided. Thesemiconductor device includes a semiconductor die, and a dielectricmaterial adjacent the semiconductor die. The semiconductor device alsoincludes a through package via (TPV) disposed in the dielectricmaterial. An opening in the dielectric material surrounds an end portionof the TPV to expose the end portion, and wherein at least a portion ofthe opening is between the end portion of the TPV and molding compound.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor device is provided. Thesemiconductor device includes a semiconductor die, and one or moredielectric layers adjacent the semiconductor die. The semiconductor diealso includes one or more through package vias (TPVs) disposed in theone or more dielectric layers. The one or more TPVs extends from firstside of the one or more dielectric layers to a second side of the one ormore dielectric layers. The semiconductor device further includesrecesses in the one or more dielectric layers surrounding correspondingends of the one or more TPVs. The recesses expose at least a portion ofsidewalls of corresponding ends of the one or more TPVs.

In yet some embodiments, a semiconductor device is provided. Thesemiconductor device includes a first die package. The first die packageincludes a first semiconductor die, and dielectric material on opposingsides of the first semiconductor die. The first die package alsoincludes a through via (TV) in the dielectric material, and an openingin the dielectric material surrounds an end portion of the TV to exposethe end portion. The semiconductor device also includes a second diepackage. The second die package includes a second semiconductor die, andan external connector. The external connector of the second die packageis bonded to the end portion of the TV of the first die package usingsolder to form a bonding structure. The solder is at least partiallywithin the opening

Although the embodiments and their advantages have been described indetail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions andalterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit andscope of the embodiments as defined by the appended claims. Moreover,the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited tothe particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, andcomposition of matter, means, methods and steps described in thespecification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readilyappreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture,compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing orlater to be developed, that perform substantially the same function orachieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodimentsdescribed herein may be utilized according to the disclosure.Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within theirscope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter,means, methods, or steps. In addition, each claim constitutes a separateembodiment, and the combination of various claims and embodiments arewithin the scope of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor device comprising: asemiconductor die; a dielectric material adjacent the semiconductor die;and a through package via (TPV) disposed in the dielectric material,wherein an opening in the dielectric material surrounds an end portionof the TPV to expose the end portion, and wherein at least a portion ofthe opening is between the end portion of the TPV and molding compound.2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the end portion of theTPV extends above a bottom of the opening a distance from about 1 μm toabout 70 μm.
 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the endportion of the TPV includes a plating seed layer and a conductive layer,and wherein the plating seed layer covers an end surface of theconductive layer.
 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein theend portion of the TPV includes a plating seed layer and a conductivelayer, and wherein the plating seed layer covers only a portion of anend surface of the conductive layer.
 5. The semiconductor device ofclaim 1, wherein the opening has a depth from about 2 μm to about 100μm.
 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the opening has arounded surface profile.
 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherethe opening has an angular surface profile.
 8. The semiconductor deviceof claim 7, wherein the angular surface profile has an angle about 90degrees.
 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the openingincludes a linear sidewall of the dielectric material intersecting alinear sidewall of the TPV.
 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9,wherein an angle between the linear sidewall of the dielectric materialand a line normal to the linear sidewall of the TPV is from about 10degrees to about 85 degrees.
 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1,wherein the dielectric material comprises a molding compound layer and apassivation layer over the molding compound layer, and wherein thepassivation layer and the molding compound encircle the end portion ofthe TPV.
 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein a surface ofa sidewall of the passivation layer surrounding the opening iscontinuous with a surface of a sidewall of the molding compound.
 13. Thesemiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a sidewall of the opening isparallel to a sidewall of the end portion of the TPV.
 14. Thesemiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the dielectric materialcomprises a first dielectric layer overlying a second dielectric layer,the opening extending through the first dielectric layer and into thesecond dielectric layer, a top surface of the second dielectric forminga ledge in the opening.
 15. A semiconductor device comprising: asemiconductor die; one or more dielectric layers adjacent thesemiconductor die; one or more through package vias (TPVs) disposed inthe one or more dielectric layers, the one or more TPVs extending fromfirst side of the one or more dielectric layers to a second side of theone or more dielectric layers; and recesses in the one or moredielectric layers surrounding corresponding ends of the one or moreTPVs, the recesses exposing at least a portion of sidewalls ofcorresponding ends of the one or more TPVs.
 16. A semiconductor devicecomprising: a first die package, wherein the first die packagecomprises: a first semiconductor die; dielectric material on opposingsides of the first semiconductor die; and a through via (TV) in thedielectric material, wherein an opening in the dielectric materialsurrounds an end portion of the TV to expose the end portion; and asecond die package, wherein the second die package comprises: a secondsemiconductor die; and an external connector; wherein the externalconnector of the second die package is bonded to the end portion of theTV of the first die package using solder to form a bonding structure,wherein the solder is at least partially within the opening.
 17. Thesemiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising an intermetalliccompound (IMC) layer formed between the external connector and the endportion of the TV, wherein the IMC layer covers the end portion of theTV.
 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the end portion ofthe TV protrudes from a bottom of the opening a distance from about 1 μmto about 70 μm.
 19. The semiconductor device of claim 16, furthercomprising a polymer layer interposed between the first die package andthe second die package, wherein at least a portion of the solder isembedded in the polymer layer.
 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16,further comprising an underfill interposed between the first die packageand the second die package, wherein the underfill partially fills theopening.